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外刊赏读 《》:共和党提案使得贫困学生获得免费午餐更加困难

2022-05-24 07:30:01

House Republican proposal would make it harder for poor schools to feed their students ” 的文章。文章聚焦近期贫困地区学校“社区合格”制度改革热点,介绍了帮助贫困孩子获得免费低价午餐的社区合格比例ISP提高牵动各方关注一事,文中表达了作者对贫困学生营养午餐问题的关注,及政策制定者以孩子的健康利益为导向制定政策的建议。,积累相关词汇。


原文

I ①Schools are supposed to help kids build character, socialize, and learn critical thinking and academic content. ②But we also ask schools to do a lot more: to offer extra curricular activities, serve as community centers and feed our children. ③Particularly in low-income areas, where kids come to school with a variety of disadvantages, the successful completion of these varied tasks can require Herculean efforts.


II ①That’s why we should celebrate initiatives that ease the burden on low-income schools. ②The Community Eligibility Provision, enacted in 2010, does just that; the program simplifies the school meal process and helps ensure that kids have something to eat during the school day, all at very little cost.


III ①Some children in low-income households qualify automatically to receive free or reduced-price meals because of homelessness, or receipt of safety-net benefits. ② But other children need to apply for this benefit, and some of the neediest students fall through the cracks. ③The application process creates large amounts of paperwork for school staff members, who must not only process school meal applications, but also, if they want their school to be reimbursed for meals, track who is in which eligibility category during lunchtime.


IV ①Community eligibility solves this problem for high-poverty schools. ②Any school that has an Identified Student Percentage (ISP) of 40 percent —— that is, any school in which 40 percent of the students automatically qualify for free or reduced-price lunch —— can offer free school meals to all of its students.③Participating schools get reimbursed based on student needs; schools with higher ISPs receive higher reimbursements. ④In other words, community eligibility cuts through bureaucracy by eliminating the application and verification processes and substantially simplifying reimbursements.


①  Yet a new proposal by congressional conservatives would restrict community eligibility, substantially increasing administrative burdens in more than 7,000 schools and threatening 3.4 million students’ access to school meals. ②For no good reason that we can see, lawmakers from the Education and the Workforce Committee may vote soon to raise the ISP threshold from 40 percent to 60 percent. ③Because ISP numbers don’t capture low-income students who must typically apply for free or reduced-price meals, this threshold would render all but the highest-poverty schools (generally those in which more than 90 percent of students qualify for free or reduced-price meals)ineligible for community eligibility.


Ⅵ①Raising the threshold would save a little bit of money, as fewer students would qualify for free school meals, but the overall savings of about $1.6 billion over 10 years wouldn’t come close to offsetting the administrative burden, increased social stigma for low-income students, and negative health and academic effects it could create. ②House Republicans propose redirecting these savings to summer food programs for poor students and a higher reimbursement rate for the school breakfast program. ③Good ideas, for sure, but why pit an important program, one that school officials absolutely love, against these other worthy objectives? ④ Instead, we should raise the money necessary (a small amount) to make sure students have breakfasts and lunches during both the school year and the summer. ⑤Committee Chairman John Kline has said that“providing children access to nutritious meals is a priority we all share.”


“House Republican proposal would make it harder for poor schools to feed their students “ By Jared Bernstein and Ben Spielberg May 2 at 6:00 AM


词汇短语

1.  academic content 学业成绩

2.  Herculean effort [,hə:kju'li:ən; 'efət] 极大的努力,艰巨的努力

3.  reduced-price meals 低价午餐

4.  receipt [' rɪ'si:t] n. 发票,收据(超容易读错的一个词!

5*. needy ['niːdɪ] adj. 贫困的;贫穷的;生活艰苦的

6*. reimburse [ri:ɪm'bɜ:s] v. 补偿,归还

7.   eligibility [' elɪdʒə'bɪlətɪ] n. 合格

8.   low-income households  贫困家庭

9.   bureaucracy [bjʊə' rɒkrəsi]  n.

10. conservatives  [kənˈsɜːvətɪv] n. 保守党,保守派

11. verification [verɪfɪ'keɪʃn] n. 确认,核实

12. substantially [səb'stænʃəli] adv.大体上地,实质上地

13. threshold  ['θreʃəʊld] n. 入口,门槛,临界值

14. offset [' ɒfset] v. 抵消,补偿

15*.stigma  ['stɪgmə] 耻辱;污名


翻译点评

I ①Schools are supposed to help kids build character, socialize, and learn critical thinking and academic content. ②But we also ask schools to do a lot more: to offer extra curricular activities, serve as community centers and feed our children. ③Particularly in low-income areas, where kids come to school with a variety of disadvantages, the successful completion of these varied tasks can require Herculean efforts.

翻译:学校应当帮助孩子培养个性,学会社交以及培养培养批判精神,增长科学知识。但是我们还要求学校做到更多:提供课外活动,作为社区中心以及喂饱孩子们的肚子。特别是在贫困地区,那里上学的孩子有许多困难,要解决这些困难,完成任务,需要极大的努力。

点评:I 段通过介绍人们对学校的期待引出话题:贫困地区孩子的需求急需解决。①句介绍学校的社会功能“be supposed to”应当,暗示下文将要介绍学校其他一些职能。②句补充说明学校其他职能:提供课外活动,作为社区中心以及喂饱孩子们的肚子。其中点出“feed our children”孩子学校就餐问题也是关注点之一。③句说明在贫困地区,解决这些需求还需要巨大的努力,“Herculean efforts.”来自大力神赫拉克斯勒的典故,生动说明在贫困地区完成这些任务是极其困难和艰巨的,为下文论述社区合格条例的作用做铺垫。


II ①That’s why we should celebrate initiatives that ease the burden on low-income schools. ②The Community Eligibility Provision, enacted in 2010, does just that; the program simplifies the school meal process and helps ensure that kids have something to eat during the school day, all at very little cost.

翻译:这就是为什么我们应当为减轻低收入地区学校负担的倡议喝彩。2010年实施的“社区合格条例”恰恰体现了这一点;这一项目简化了学校午餐流程,帮助确保孩子们能够以较低价格在学校享用午餐。

点评:II段承接I段介绍社区合格条例。①句承上说明我们应当为减轻贫困地区学校负担的倡议而欣喜。“That’s why”表明本段与上文的因果逻辑关系。Celebrate 意为庆祝,表明作者支持的观点,initiative 此处取其僻意“readiness to embark on bold new ventures”倡议,提议。②句紧接着具体介绍这一倡议,2010年出台的社区合格条例,分号后面的分句详细介绍了条例简化学校低价午餐申请手续,惠及贫困儿童的事实。


III ①Some children in low-income households qualify automatically to receive free or reduced-price meals because of homelessness, or receipt of safety-net benefits. ② But other children need to apply for this benefit, and some of the neediest students fall through the cracks. ③The application process creates large amounts of paperwork for school staff members, who must not only process school meal applications, but also, if they want their school to be reimbursed for meals, track who is in which eligibility category during lunchtime.

翻译:一些来自低收入家庭的孩子能够自动具有享受免费或者低价午餐的资格,因为他们无家可归或者正在接受低保。但是其他孩子却需要申请这一福利,并且一些最为困难的孩子可能落选。申请过程也给学校职员增加了大量的文书工作,这些员工不仅仅需要处理午餐申请,而且要让他们的学校获得饭补,他们还得在午餐时间追踪那些具有申请资格的人。

点评:III进一步介绍社区合格条例出台的背景。①②句介绍美国关于儿童免费午餐的一些规定,①句指出条例适用的范围:低收入家庭的孩子(Some children in low-income households)及作用的方式:自动符合(qualify automatically)②句说明例外情况:其他有需要的孩子需要额外申请午餐。③顺势说明这一政策的弊端:这样复杂的申请手续会给学校增加额外的文书工作。Not only, but also结构突出这种繁琐手续的诸多不便。


IV ①Community eligibility solves this problem for high-poverty schools. ②Any school that has an Identified Student Percentage (ISP) of 40 percent —— that is, any school in which 40 percent of the students automatically qualify for free or reduced-price lunch —— can offer free school meals to all of its students.③Participating schools get reimbursed based on student needs; schools with higher ISPs receive higher reimbursements. ④In other words, community eligibility cuts through bureaucracy by eliminating the application and verification processes and substantially simplifying reimbursements.

翻译:而社区合格规定解决了贫困地区的这一问题。只要是具有合格学生比例(ISP)在40%的学校,也就是说只要一个学校40%的学生自动符合获取免费或者低价午餐资质,那么这个学校就可以为其所有学生提供免费午餐。参与的学校根据学生需要领取补助款,ISP指数高的学校获得较高的补助。换句话说,社区合格条例通过废除了申请审批程序和极大程度上简化补助来降低了官僚作风。

点评:IV段说明社区合格条例的出台解决了一系列的问题。①②③句详细介绍社区合格条例,①句总领全段,指出条例解决了上述问题。②③句分别从学生申请角度和学校报批补贴角度说明条例的作用方式。②引入ISP合格学生比例这一概念,说明在贫困地区,只要一所学校有40%的学生自动符合免费低价午餐申请条件,那么该学校所有学生都自动符合条件,表明这一条例一方面扩大了享受免费午餐的受益人群,另一方面也省去了其他学生申请的麻烦。③句从学校角度说明,学校也可依照ISP确定报批补贴的数额,回应上文,表明此条例节省了学校的麻烦。④做出总结,指出这一条例的本质:简化官僚体制,其中近义词cuts through bureaucracy,eliminating,verification复现,直言这一条例简化手续,改进流程,。



①  Yet a new proposal by congressional conservatives would restrict community eligibility, substantially increasing administrative burdens in more than 7,000 schools and threatening 3.4 million students’ access to school meals. ②For no good reason that we can see, lawmakers from the Education and the Workforce Committee may vote soon to raise the ISP threshold from 40 percent to 60 percent. ③Because ISP numbers don’t capture low-income students who must typically apply for free or reduced-price meals, this threshold would render all but the highest-poverty schools (generally those in which more than 90 percent of students qualify for free or reduced-price meals)ineligible for community eligibility.

翻译:但是议会保守派提出一项新的建议可能将会限制社区合格条例,大规模增加超过7000所学校的行政管理的负担,威胁着340万学校孩子的午餐。教育和公会委员会的立法者可能会就将ISP指数从40%提高到60%进行投票表决,我们也未见到什么很好的理由。因为ISP指数并未体现那些必须特意申请免费或者低价学校午餐的孩子,提高ISP门槛会使除贫困率最高的学校(大体上是那些有超过90%的学生有资格申请免费或者低价学校午餐的学校)之外的所有学校,失去社区合格条例的资格。

点评:Ⅴ转而指出议会保守党意欲改革这一条例的现实。①句笔锋一转(转折词yet),将人们的目光拉回到现实,指出议会保守派议员(congressional conservatives)意欲限制合格学生比例,substantially increasing administrative burdens大规模增加行政管理负担,与threatening 3.4 million students’ access 威胁孩子午餐权利形成鲜明对比,两个数字极言这一改革将会带来的重大负面影响:一方面大规模增加学校负担,另一方面剥夺了大量孩子享受免费午餐的权利,作者质疑的态度呼之欲出。②句明确表示作者对这一条例不看好的态度,for no good reason 表达作者认为这一改革有百害而无一利的态度, 句子主干部分陈述立法者将很快投票将合格比例从40%提升至60%。③句表明立法者提升这一比例的原因及后果:ISP指数无法体现那些必须申请免费午餐的贫困学生, 所以若调高这一比例,则会使除去最贫困地区学校之外的所有学校丧失合格资格。


Ⅵ①Raising the threshold would save a little bit of money, as fewer students would qualify for free school meals, but the overall savings of about $1.6 billion over 10 years wouldn’t come close to offsetting the administrative burden, increased social stigma for low-income students, and negative health and academic effects it could create. ②House Republicans propose redirecting these savings to summer food programs for poor students and a higher reimbursement rate for the school breakfast program. ③Good ideas, for sure, but why pit an important program, one that school officials absolutely love, against these other worthy objectives? ④ Instead, we should raise the money necessary (a small amount) to make sure students have breakfasts and lunches during both the school year and the summer. ⑤Committee Chairman John Kline has said that“providing children access to nutritious meals is a priority we all share.”

翻译:虽然提高门槛可以省一些钱,但同时减少了有资格设申请免费午餐的学生,但是总共16亿美元的节约远远不能抵消超过十年的行政手续花费,毁坏了学校对于低收入家庭学生的名誉,也可能增加对学生健康和学术方面的负面影响。众议院的共和党员提出将这些节约下来的钱花到贫困学生暑假午餐计划上,并提高学校的早餐补助率。主意不错,但是为什么要用废除一个非常重要,学校官员们肯定会喜爱的计划去支持其他有意义的目标呢?相反,我们应该筹集必要的资金(小额资金),去确保学生能在学期内和暑假享用到午餐。正如委员会主席约翰·科林所说:“确保孩子能够享受营养午餐是我们所有工作的中心。”

点评:Ⅵ段指出指出这种做法的弊端并提出合理建议。①句先退而指出改革确实能够节省开支,as引导原因状语,说明使更少学生符合申请条件方能够节省一点点开支,“a little bit of”一点点,说明提高合格比例带来的好处并非如此厚,转折词but与上文构成让步转折逻辑,指出这项改革的诸多弊端:一方面两个数字“overall savings of about $1.6 billion” 和“10 years”,回应上文“a little bit of money”,说明十年间克扣学生午餐节省下来的开支如九牛一毛,根本无法抵消由此带来的负面影响:包括行政成本、社会名声及孩子们的健康和学业。②句指出众议院提出的这种解决方案:将省下来的资金用于学生暑假餐饮及早餐计划。③句紧承上句先退而指出这种想法不错,但是转而提出质疑:为什么要用废除一个非常重要,学校官员们肯定会喜爱的计划去支持其他有意义的目标呢?④⑤句提出解决建议和呼吁:应当筹集小额资金支持学生暑假餐饮及早餐计划,同时呼吁议员们以学生的切身利益为重,制定合理政策。Instead一方面表明作者反对议会做法的态度,一方面承接上文提出自己的建议。⑤句援引委员会主席的话,说明学生切身利益当为制定政策时首要考虑因素。 



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阅读扩展:Herculean efforts
 



What is Herculean Effort?


Hercules was a mythological figure of great size and strength. A Herculean effort is to say that one is strong, vigorous and determined in their attempt to achieve a result, as in a Herculean task.


先来看看这里这个叫“Hercules (赫拉克勒斯)“的大力士长啥样↓↓↓




这个大力士还和星座狮子座有关哦!狮子座的童鞋们,你们知道这个星座是怎么来的吗?



关于狮子座,我们必须先要了解一个高贵家庭的婚姻问题——宙斯。



我们知道,宙斯是一个花心大萝卜,一生有无数的妻子和情人,甚至连自己的重孙女阿尔克墨涅(Alcmene)都不放过。


阿尔克墨涅是大英雄珀耳修斯(Perseus)的孙女,而珀耳修斯正是宙斯与情人阿尔戈斯公主达娜亚的私生子。话说当年宙斯勾引达娜亚时,化作了一阵金雨,与她共度良宵。


宙斯看上阿尔克墨涅的时候,正和他的第7任妻子赫拉(Hera)在一起。当然,赫拉本身就是宙斯的三姐。


宙斯看上了阿尔克墨涅的美貌,故技重施,又化作一阵金雨落到她家里(和勾引她曾祖母达娜亚时的手段如出一辙)。为了掩人耳目,宙斯还让太阳神和月亮女神都放了个清明小长假,使得这个长夜竟然有平时的三倍那么长。


后来,阿尔克墨涅生下了宙斯的儿子赫拉克勒斯(Heracles)。


儿子生下后,由于惧怕赫拉王后这个醋坛子,阿尔克墨涅将孩子藏在篮子里,遗弃在田野上(这片田野后来被称为赫拉克勒斯田野)。无巧不成书,此时雅典娜和赫拉正好到这里来遛弯。雅典娜看孩子长得漂亮,非常喜欢,便劝说赫拉给孩子喂奶。由于吃了天后的乳汁,赫拉克勒斯脱了凡胎,变得力大无比,长大后成为了有名的英雄。


赫拉克勒斯的力气大到什么程度呢?当他尚在襁褓中时,赫拉曾经出于嫉妒,派出两条毒蛇来加害于他。而他却把毒蛇杀死。



赫拉克勒斯长大后成为了一名大英雄。他努力学习科学文化知识……额,错了,他跟随半人马喀戎学习武功,跟随阿波罗之子学习读书认字,但他力气太大,有一次在反抗老师责骂时,无意间竟然将老师失手打死。然而他后来还是拒绝了恶德女神的引诱,遵循了美德女神的忠告,走上了一条“路见不平一声吼,地球也要抖三抖”的好汉之路。


宙斯对自己这个儿子寄予了很大的期望。在他出生前,他就宣布,让珀耳修斯的第一个孙子成为国王,主宰珀耳修斯的其他子孙。然而,嫉妒的赫拉却延长了阿尔克墨涅妊娠的时间,让另一个本该在他之后出生的孙子欧律斯透斯(Eurystheus)提前出生。于是,不仅王位落到了欧律斯透斯的手里不说,赫拉克勒斯还必须为国王完成12件不可能完成的任务,被称为“十二试炼”。


第一件任务,就是勇斗“猛狮”涅墨亚狮子(Nemean Lion),并剥下它的兽皮。

涅墨亚狮子是一头巨大无比的狮子,它的毛皮刀枪不入,铁、石、青铜武器都伤害不了它,它的利爪快如刀刃。这头巨兽生活在阿耳戈利斯地区的伯罗奔尼撒,尼密阿和克雷渥纳之间的大森林里。狮子凶悍无比,人间的武器根本不能伤害它。有人说,狮子本是巨人堤丰和半人半蛇的女怪厄喀德那所生的儿子,还有人说,它是从月亮上掉到地上来的。赫拉克勒斯出发去捕杀狮子。并且最终杀死了它。但是狮子皮太坚硬,用人类的工具根本剥不下来。他灵机一动,用狮子的利爪剥了下来狮皮。



后来,他用这张奇异的狮皮缝制了一件盔甲,还做了一只新头盔。



其他11个任务包括九头大毒蛇许德拉、野猪、牝鹿、怪鸟等等。


后来,遵了宙斯的意志,赫拉克勒斯成了奥林匹斯的神,并与赫拉和解,还娶了美丽可爱的青春女神赫柏(Hebe)。你知道吗?Hebe就是宙斯和赫拉的女儿。也就是说,他娶了自己曾爷爷同父异母的亲妹妹(请问各位,博大精深的中国文化里,这个关系叫啥啊?)或者说,Hebe嫁给了自己同父异母的亲哥哥的曾孙子。哎哟我去……



为了纪念他的功绩,那头被他杀死的狮子被提上天界,成为了今天的狮子座。




来源:360doc


 


打卡有奖!


一起坚持看外刊!!!


今天是考研倒计时219天,为鼓励同学们继续保持每天坚持看真题同源外刊的好习惯,从今天起至考研初试结束,在外刊赏读发布的24小时内仔细阅读文章并在评论区留言“打卡”二字(当然也可以留下自己的学习这篇文章的心得和疑惑)的同学,黄皮书编辑部将挑选出其中20位打卡数量最多的同学免费提供”复试英文自我介绍修改+复试面试技巧指导“(当然,是在各位同学能进复试的情况下,不过我相信每天跟着黄皮书混的孩子们都会有这个实力)。坚持开始看外刊最好的时间是3个月前,其实就是现在!加油,keep moving!


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